Laboratory tests are performed on a 50-year
old lean woman during an annual physical check-up. She has no family history of
diabetes or any history of elevated glucose levels during pregnancy. Her
laboratory results are the following:
FBS = 90 mg/dL
Cholesterol = 140 mg/dL
HDL = 40 mg/dL
TAG = 90 mg/Dl
THE ANSWERS ARE THE CHOICES
THAT ARE IN BLACK LETTERS
QUESTIONS:
1. The probable diagnosis of the patient is:
a.
myocardial infarction
b.
gestational diabetes
c.
hypercholesterolemia
d.
hyperlipoproteinemia
e. NIL – APPARENTLY, THE RESULTS ARE NORMAL
2. What are the risk factors that would indicate a
potential risk of this patient developing diabetes?
1.
increased cholesterol value
2.
increased TAG value
3.
decreased HDL value
4. increased LDL value
5.
NIL
a. 1 b. 1 & 2 c. 1,2 & 3 d. 1, 2, 3 & 4 e. NIL
3.
What would be
the proper follow-up tests for this patient?
a. Repeat
FBS and OGTT
b. Repeat
TAG, Chole, HDL
c. Repeat all tests
d. Repeat
all tests and OGTT
e. NIL
4.
In this
specific case, what would be the most significant test for DM?
a. 2
HPPT
b. FBS
c. OGTT
d. RBS
e. NIL
5.
Using the
Friedewald formula, the LDL value of a patient with the following results is:
TC = 150 mg/dL, TAG = 90 mg/dL, and HDL = 36
mg/dL:
a. 96 mg/dL
b.
102.69 mg/dL
c.
375 mg/dL
d.
24 mg/dL
e.
NIL
Friedewald formula:
Explanation
The Friedewald formula
(FF) is an estimation of LDL-c level. It utilizes the following values:
Total Cholesterol (TC),
Triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c)
The FF is:
LDL-c (mg/dL) = TC (mg/dL)
− HDL-c (mg/dL) − TG (mg/dL)/5
Example is above:
Substituting the given
data, you will get:
LDL-c = (150 - 36) -
(90/5)
LDL-c = (150 -36) - 18
LDL-c = 96 mg/dL
6.
The reason
why the value of glucose is 10-15% lower in whole blood than serum and plasma
is:
a.
Glycolysis is more predominant in plasma
b.
Gluconeogenesis occurs only in serum and plasma
c.
Red blood cells consume glucose
d. Glucose
is contained mostly in serum
e. NIL
7.
The value of
110 traditional units of cholesterol in SI units is:
a. 1.10
mmol/L
b. 220 mg/dL
c. 11.0
mmol/L
d. 6.105
mmol/L
e.
NIL - 110 mg/dl = 2.8446 mmol/l
NOTES:
To convert from mg/dL (Traditional units) to mmol/L
(SI units)
For total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol divide mg/dL by
38.67
Example 110 mg/dL to SI units
110 mg/dL/38.67 = 2.8846 mmol/L
For triglycerides divide mg/dL by 88.57
Example 150 mg/dL to SI units
150 mg/dL/88.57
= 1.69357 mmol/L
To convert from mmol/L to mg/dL
For total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol multiply mmol/L by
38.67
Example 2.0 mmol/L to traditional units (mg/dL)
2.0 mmol/L * 38.67 = 77.34 mg/dL
For triglycerides multiply mmol/L by 88.57
Example 3.2 mmol/L to traditional units (mg/dL)
3.2 mmol/L * 88.57 = 283.424 mg/dL
8.
The normal
value of TP in SI units is:
a. 3.2 – 8.5
g/dL
b. 3.5 – 6.2
g/L
c. 32
– 85 g/L OTHER BOOKS SAY IT’S 60 – 80 g/L
d. 3.3 – 5.3
g/dL
e. NIL
9.
In protein
measurements, Nessler’s reagent is:
a.
double iodide of potassium and mercury
b. double
ions of mercury and iodine
c. mercury,
iodine and potassium
d. bonds
between an anion and a cation
e. NIL
10.
The following
are methods for cholesterol determination, except:
a.
Van Handel and Zilversmit
b. Pearson
McGavak
c.
Schoenheimer and Sperry
d. Sperry
and Webs
e. NIL
11.
The serum
proteins are the following, EXCEPT:
a. albumin
b. globulin
c.
fibrinogen
d.
immunoglobulin
e. NIL
12.
When testing
for OGTT, the following precautions should be observed, EXCEPT:
a. The
patient should not be ambulatory
b. The patient should eat only 150 grams of
carbohydrates daily for 3 days prior to the test
c. The
patient should fast for 8-12 hours
d. Strenuous
exercise should be avoided
e. NIL
